What are Event Emitters?

In Node.js an event can be described simply as a string with a corresponding callback. An event can be "emitted" (or in other words, the corresponding callback be called) multiple times or you can choose to only listen for the first time it is emitted. So a simple example ran on the node REPL:

var example_emitter = new (require('events').EventEmitter);
example_emitter.on("test", function () { console.log("test"); });
example_emitter.on("print", function (message) { console.log(message); });
example_emitter.emit("test");
example_emitter.emit("print", "message");
example_emitter.emit("unhandled");

> var example_emitter = new (require('events').EventEmitter);
{}
> example_emitter.on("test", function () { console.log("test"); });
{ _events: { test: [Function] } }
> example_emitter.on("print", function (message) { console.log(message); });
{ _events: { test: [Function], print: [Function] } }
> example_emitter.emit("test");
test //console.log'd
true //return value
> example_emitter.emit("print", "message");
message //console.log'd
true    //return value
> example_emitter.emit("unhandled");
false   //return value

This demonstrates all the basic functionality of an EventEmitter. The on or addListener method (basically the subscription method) allows you to choose the event to watch for and the callback to be called. The emit method (the publish method), on the other hand, allows you to "emit" an event, which causes all callbacks registered to the event to 'fire', (get called).

So in the example, we first subscribe to both the test and print events. Then we emit the test, print, and unhandled events. Since unhandled has no callback, it just returns false; the other two run all the attached callbacks and return true.

In the print event, note that we pass an extra parameter - all the extra parameters passed to 'emit' get passed to the callback function as arguments.

If you use the method once instead of on, after the callback is fired, it is removed from the list of callbacks. A handy little function if you want to detect only the first time an event has been emitted.

If you want to remove a specific callback, you can use removeListener. If you want to remove all callbacks to a specific event, you can use removeAllListeners.

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter,
    ee = new EventEmitter();

function callback() {
  console.log("Callback has been called!");
}

ee.once("event", callback);
ee.emit("event");
ee.emit("event");

ee.on("event", callback);
ee.emit("event");
ee.emit("event");
ee.removeListener("event", callback);
ee.emit("event");

ee.on("event", callback);
ee.emit("event");
ee.removeAllListeners("event");
ee.emit("event");

> var ee = new (require('events').EventEmitter);
> var callback = function () { console.log("Callbacked!"); }
> ee.once("event", callback);
{ _events: { event: { [Function: g] listener: [Function] } } }
> ee.emit("event");
Callbacked! //console.log'd
true
> ee.emit("event");
false

> ee.on("event", callback);
{ _events: { event: [Function] } }
> ee.emit("event");
Callbacked! //console.log'd
true
> ee.emit("event");
Callbacked! //console.log'd
true
> ee.removeListener("event", callback);
{ _events: {} }
> ee.emit("event");
false

> ee.on("event", callback);
{ _events: { event: [Function] } }
> ee.emit("event");
Callbacked! //console.log'd
true
> ee.removeAllListeners("event");
{ _events: { event: null } }
> ee.emit("event");
false

NOTE: If you want to create more than 10 listeners on a single event, you will have to make a call to ee.setMaxListeners(n) where n is the max numbers of listeners (with zero being unlimited number of listeners). This is used to make sure you aren't accidentally leaking event listeners.

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